My dear friends,

In verse 13 of The Three Principal Aspects of the Path, Je Tsongkhapa shows how the Madhyamaka ("Middle Way") philosophy of Nagarjuna can serve as an antidote to the two extremes of nihilism, the view that nothing exists at all, and eternalism, the view that things exist inherently and independently.

When we observe phenomena, their appearance arises dependently, not from their own side. This understanding dispels the notion that things exist in a fixed, unchanging way. By recognizing the interdependent nature of reality, we avoid the extreme of eternalism, which asserts the inherent existence of things. The appearance of phenomena, though vivid and convincing, is ultimately empty of inherent nature, guiding us away from clinging to their apparent solidity.

Emptiness, as taught in the Madhyamaka, does not imply a void or a lack of existence. Rather, it denotes the absence of inherent, independent existence. By understanding emptiness, we avoid the extreme of nihilism, which would suggest that nothing exists at all. Instead, emptiness reveals the interdependence and the dynamic nature of phenomena, showing that they do exist, but not in the manner we usually perceive them.

The concept of emptiness is integral to the functioning of cause and effect. Because things are empty of inherent existence, they can change and transform through dependent origination. This emptiness allows for the possibility of cause and effect relationships, leading to the arising and ceasing of phenomena. Understanding this principle helps us grasp the true nature of reality, where emptiness and dependent origination coexist harmoniously.

By deeply comprehending the interplay between appearance and emptiness, we safeguard ourselves from falling into the extremes of nihilism and eternalism. This balanced view, known as the Middle Way, allows us to navigate life with wisdom and compassion. It grounds us in a reality that is both profoundly interconnected and free from the delusions of inherent existence. In this way, we cultivate a mind that is both clear and open, capable of true understanding and effective action.

Therefore, let us diligently study and meditate on these profound teachings. By doing so, we can transform our understanding and experience of reality, aligning our minds with the Middle Way. This will not only liberate us from the extremes of nihilism and eternalism but also bring about a compassionate and wise engagement with the world. May we all strive to embody this path and guide others towards the realization of true emptiness and interdependence.